"Nanobubbles” Developed to Target only Cancer Cells

New drug-delivery research based on nano- and microtechnologies from Israel might provide much-needed help, as well as more effective cancer treatment.

New drug delivery technology developed by Prof. Rimona Margalit from Tel Aviv University's (Israel) department of biochemistry allows drugs to target cancer cells specifically, leaving surrounding healthy cells intact and reducing the painful side effects of chemotherapy. The technology utilizes tiny bubbles, visible only through powerful microscopes that contain payloads of therapeutic drugs.

"This development is on the leading edge of the new frontier of drug delivery and cancer treatment,” said Prof. Margalit. "Bubble technology can also be applied to other medical conditions, including diabetes, osteoarthritis, wounds, and infectious diseases. In 20 years, it could be widespread.”

Currently, cancer drugs travel throughout the body delivering powerful medication to all the cells they encounter, both healthy and cancerous. When healthy cells are damaged by unnecessary medication, a patient can experience disagreeable side effects ranging from hair loss to nausea. More troublesome are the additional health risks due to the damage that the medication does to the patient's immune system.

Called drug carriers, recent reports of Prof. Margalit's new technology applied in both cancer and osteoarthritis therapies were published in 2008 in Nature Nanotechnology and in the Journal of Controlled Release. The technology allows cancer treatment medication to be placed inside tiny bubbles so small that millions fit along a single inch. The surface of the bubbles contains an agent that allows them distinguish cancer cells from healthy ones. When the bubbles "recognize” a cancer cell, they deliver the medication they're carrying to that cell.

The promising results are twofold: More of the drug gets directly to the cancer cells, enhancing the effectiveness of the treatment, and healthy cells continue to function normally, protected against the painful side-effects of the medication. Prof. Margalit's drug carrier technology has already performed well in animal model studies. The next step is to apply the technology to humans. "Economics is the hold-up, not the science,” explained Prof. Margalit, who is in the process of finding a pharmaceutical company to invest in the research.

Although the technology is still 10 years or more from use in clinical trials, the investigators report that this promising discovery provides new potential for oncologic applications.

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