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Image: Mast cells obtained from the human bone marrow; May-Grünwald/Giemsa stain of a resting human mast cell and a mast cell following activation-induced degranulation. Note the loss of granule staining (Photo courtesy of University Hospital of Bonn).

Mast Cell Activation Test Diagnoses Allergic Diseases

Peanut allergies are among the most common food allergies in children. Currently, doctors diagnose peanut allergy using a skin-prick test or immunoglobulin E (IgE) test, but this may result in over-diagnosis or false-positives and it cannot differentiate between sensitivity and true food allergy. Read more
16 May 2018 | Immunology
Image: The MiSeq bench-top sequencer (Photo courtesy of Illumina).

Kidney Disease Patient Urine Contains Diverse Bacteria

Bacterial communities in the bladders of men and women without clinical urinary tract infections (UTI) have been discovered and emerging studies suggests that the urinary microbiome may influence bladder health. Read more
15 May 2018 | Microbiology
Image: Islet of Langerhans from the pancreas of a patient with chronic type 1 diabetes of 19 years duration. A single lobe of the pancreas was found to contain islets rich in residual beta cells (alpha cells in red; beta cells in green) (Photo courtesy of Diapedia).

Genetic Scores Stratify Risk of Developing Type 1 Diabetes

Approximately 0.3% of newborns will develop autoimmunity to pancreatic beta cells in childhood and subsequently develop type 1 diabetes before adulthood. Read more
15 May 2018 | Molecular Diagnostics
Image: The LSR II flow cytometer (Photo courtesy of BD Bioscience/Albert Einstein College of Medicine).

CSF B Cells Characterized in Virus-Associated Diseases

Regulation of the local immune response is crucial in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from viral infection and immunopathologically mediated tissue damage. Read more
14 May 2018 | Immunology
Image: The C1000 Touch thermal cycler (Photo courtesy of Bio-Rad).

Assays Using ddPCR Quantify DNA Fragments

Optimized droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assays have been developed that quantify short and long DNA fragments. Read more
14 May 2018 | Molecular Diagnostics
Image: A microscopic appearance of cell blocks prepared by the HistoGel + ethanol (EtOH) method versus HistoGel-only and the EtOH-only methods. The insets in C and F illustrate excellent cytomorphologic preservation with this method (Photo courtesy of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center).

Cell Block Prep Method Modified for Molecular Studies

Biomarker testing is currently required to guide the selection of a growing number of targeted therapies in patients with a wide range of malignancies. Read more
14 May 2018 | Pathology
Image: A diagram of types of adrenal insufficiency; CRH: corticotropin-releasing hormone, ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone (Photo courtesy of US National Institute of Health).

ACTH Stimulation Test Results Reassessed

Cosyntropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone or ACTH) stimulation testing is considered the gold standard for investigating primary adrenal insufficiency (AI) and may be an effective alternative to insulin tolerance testing in the workup of secondary AI. Read more
12 May 2018 | Clinical Chemistry
Image: The habitat and morphology of Staphylococcus aureus (Photo courtesy of Sagar Aryal).

Microbiological Features of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Compared

Different phenotypes of rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been described based on symptom severity and duration, atopy status, level of control, comorbidities, and presence or absence of nasal polyps in CRS. Read more
12 May 2018 | Microbiology
Image: The low-cost, portable laboratory on a phone that can interpret results from a microplate assay (Photo courtesy of Washington State University).

Smart Phone Reader Detects Common Pathogens

In rural or low resource areas, doctors sometimes must rely on a patient's symptoms or use their own judgement in looking at test sample color results to determine whether a patient has an infection. Read more
10 May 2018 | Lab Tech.
Image: A micrograph of cerebral amyloid angiopathy with senile plaques in the cerebral cortex consistent of amyloid beta, as may be seen in Alzheimer disease (Photo courtesy of Nephron).

Subthreshold Amyloid Predicts Tau Deposition in Aging

The progressive nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) necessitates the earliest possible detection of pathological or cognitive change if disease progression is to be slowed. Read more
10 May 2018 | Clinical Chemistry
Image: The Simoa 2.0, ultrasensitive immunoassay platform used for measuring plasma tau and serum NfL (Photo courtesy of Quanterix).

Blood-Based Biomarker Assessed for Subtle Brain Injury

A high-sensitive blood test can aid concussed hockey players when it might be safe to return to play. Read more
10 May 2018 | Clinical Chemistry

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Clinical Chemistry

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Beta-Amyloid Dimers Found in Alzheimer's Patient Brains
Low Total Testosterone Linked to Chronic Disease
Continuous Glucose Monitor Benefits Diabetics
Image: The MS ESI LC-TOF Micromass LCT 4 (Photo courtesy of Waters / UC Irvine).

Blood Biomarkers May Allow Easier Concussion Detection

Specific small molecules in blood plasma may be useful in determining whether someone has sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), commonly known as a concussion. Such a diagnostic measure would... Read more

Molecular Diagnostics

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Thyroid Cancer Genetics Study Finds New Mutations
Streamlined Approach Discovered for Treating Bowel Cancer
Metagenomic Sequencing Can Diagnose Cases of Meningitis
Image: An Epstein-Barr virus budding in a B cell (Photo courtesy of Kenyon College).

EBV Protein Implicated in Autoimmune Diseases

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection is common and more than 90% of people in the USA become infected by age 20. While resulting in mild disease or no symptoms in children, EBV causes mononucleosis in adolescents... Read more

Hematology

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Chip-Based Blood Test Developed for Multiple Myeloma
Flow Cytometry Technique Assessed for Signaling Pathways
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Linked to Thyroid Levels
Image: The HiSeq 4000 Systems leverage innovative patterned flow cell technology to provide rapid, high-performance sequencing (Photo courtesy of Illumina).

Molecular Tests Equivalent to Bone Marrow Analysis for MM

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by a bone marrow infiltration of clonal plasma cells with heterogeneous involvement in many areas of the bone marrow. Liquid biopsies... Read more

Immunology

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Immunoassay Developed for Lassa Fever Virus
Helicobacter Pylori Immunoassays Evaluated for Efficacy
ELISA Methods Developed for Analyzing Immunotherapy
Image: The N Latex Cystatin C Assay for the detection of decline in renal function (Photo courtesy of Siemens Healthcare).

BTP Viewed As Glomerular Filtration Rate Marker

Beta Trace Protein (BTP) is a promising marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as it was reported to be increased in the serum of patients with renal disease. Some evidence suggests that it is more... Read more

Microbiology

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Test Authorized to Identify Candida auris
Clostridium difficile Examined by Different Methods
Rapid Diagnostic Test Evaluated for Tuberculosis
Image: A collection of SHERLOCK paper test strips: Unused paper strips (Left); Paper tests displaying a negative SHERLOCK readout (Middle); Paper tests displaying a positive SHERLOCK readout (Right) (Photo courtesy of Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard).

Diagnostic SHERLOCK Optimized for Rapid Viral Detection

New technique enables SHERLOCK to detect a virus directly in bodily fluids, eliminating a step that required laboratory equipment and expanding the platform's potential to quickly and cheaply track pathogens... Read more

Pathology

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Biomarkers Identified for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Cancer Blood Test Engineered to Detect Tumors Early
Molecular Technology Identifies Potential Biomarker for Cancer
Image: A diagram of breast cancer detection using artificial neural network (Photo courtesy of Ben-Gurion University).

Breath and Urine Tests Detect Early Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among females and the leading cause of death around the world. In 2016, breast cancer accounted for 29% of all new cancers identified in the USA... Read more

Lab Tech.

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Smartphone Microscopes Transformed into Lab Devices
Liquid Biopsy Platform Isolates Circulating Disease Biomarkers
Device Leads to Lower Blood Culture Contamination Rates
Image: The DxH 520 is designed to help low-volume labs enhance patient care through increased productivity with reduced costs (Photo courtesy of Beckman Coulter Diagnostics).

Beckman Coulter Announces CE Mark for Hematology Analyzer

Beckman Coulter (Brea, CA, USA) announced achievement of CE Mark for its DxH 520 hematology analyzer, designed to help physician office laboratories deliver high-quality results with increased productivity and ease.... Read more

Industry News

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AI-Based Cancer Diagnosis System Eliminates Errors
Seegene Unveils Combination Test at ECCMID 2018
POC Glucose Monitoring Devices Market to Reach USD 2 Billion in 2022
Image: Left: Overview of the ARM. A digital camera captures the same field of view (FoV) as the user and passes the image to an attached compute unit capable of running real-time inference of a machine-learning model. The results are fed back into a custom AR display, which is inline with the ocular lens and projects the model output on the same plane as the slide. Right: A picture of the prototype, which has been retrofitted into a typical clinical-grade light microscope (Photo courtesy of Google).

Google Builds AR Microscope for Cancer Detection

A team of researchers at Google LLC (Menlo Park, CA, USA) has developed a prototype Augmented Reality Microscope (ARM) platform that could help accelerate and democratize the adoption of deep learning... Read more

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