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用免疫蛋白质组学鉴定克罗恩病的新生物标记物

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 06 Apr 2017
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图片:一项研究的目的是开发更好的克罗恩病血液检验,也许有助于诊断、理解和治疗克罗恩病(图片蒙亚利桑那州立大学生物设计研究所惠赐)。
图片:一项研究的目的是开发更好的克罗恩病血液检验,也许有助于诊断、理解和治疗克罗恩病(图片蒙亚利桑那州立大学生物设计研究所惠赐)。
 一项致力于开发更好的克罗恩病血液检验的研究利用一种新的筛查方法成功发现了几种能用作诊断标记物的抗体。

这项研究的基础是克罗恩病与针对自身蛋白质的免疫应答之间的联系,研究负责人是美国亚利桑那州立大学生物设计研究所的两位科学家Josh LaBaer和Ji Qiu,还有梅奥诊所亚利桑那州分部的肠胃病学家Shabana Pasha和Jonathan Leighton。

目前,诊断可能非常困难,需要动用昂贵的MRI、创伤性的活检或者记录症状。克罗恩病的病因仍是个谜,但是免疫系统被某种方式触发去攻击肠。知道这一点后,LaBaer教授和Qiu教授提出了一种新的蛋白质组学方法,广泛筛查血液中的免疫系统蛋白质,以发现早期预警的标记物。

Qiu教授说:“越来越多的证据表明克罗恩病的免疫应答也许是肠道微生物变化或接触有害毒素的结果,毒素导致体内产生很多针对微生物蛋白质和人类蛋白质的抗体,这是克罗恩病特有的表象。发现了许多可能的血液生物标记物,但目前临床实践尚未广泛采用商用的血检产品,因为它们无法准确诊断克罗恩病。”

科研人员开发了一种称为核酸可编程蛋白质阵列(NAPPA)的方法,避免通过耗时而昂贵的标准蛋白质提纯法制作蛋白质阵列,而是在检验时用涂片上更稳定的DNA制作新鲜蛋白质。他们用这一方法探测48名患者和48名健康对照者的血清(取自美国明尼苏达州罗彻斯特市梅奥诊所和梅奥诊所亚利桑那州分部的生物库),比对阵列上的蛋白质——从LaBaer教授的人类基因集合库收集的1906种独特蛋白质。

将患者体内的几种灵敏度超过15%的自身抗体定为候选标记物,然后用一组独立的患者和对照者确证。用最佳的几种编成一组生物标记物,使新检验方法的准确度达到最优。Qiu教授说:“生物标记物研究可能受灵敏度和特异性问题的困扰。我们不得不确保它们达到要求的分类性能,能区分患者与健康对照者以及其他肠病患者。”

最有希望的候选生物标记物是针对细菌鞭毛蛋白的抗体,它在阵列上呈现出最强的反应性和最多的数量,在保证95%特异性的情况下达到46%的灵敏度。一种新颖的生物标记物是抗SNRPB(小核核糖核蛋白相关蛋白B与B')的抗体,它在蛋白质合成中起一定作用。SNRPB还与狼疮患者有关,被称为“史密斯抗原”。

检测这些自身抗体对于我们理解克罗恩病意味着什么?LaBaer教授说:“一种可能性是这些抗体反映了肠内免疫应答失调。另一种可能性是它们可能扮演着病原体的角色。但迄今为止我们仍未发现足够多的这类抗体来理解它们的功用。”研究用到的约2,000种人类蛋白质只占集合库中3万多种独特的人类与微生物蛋白质的一小部分。他们将进一步研究自身抗体和微生物组学研究中的针对克罗恩病相关微生物的抗体。

LaBaer教授说:“没有一种生物标记物有预测能力并达到临床要求。只有一组各自经过确证的生物标记物才能在临床上达到最佳性能。但这种检测克罗恩病的免疫蛋白质组学方法的潜力令我们激动万分,我们将致力于发现更多生物标记物。”

Wang H等人将该研究的论文发表于2017年2月14日的《克罗恩病与结肠炎杂志》(Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis)。

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