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尿颗粒分析仪与标准方法的比较

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 28 Dec 2017
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图片:UF-1000i自动尿颗粒分析仪(照片由Sysmex提供)。
图片:UF-1000i自动尿颗粒分析仪(照片由Sysmex提供)。
尿路感染(UTI)具有泌尿道中存在微生物病原体的特征,是住院和门诊患者中都最常出现的感染之一。大多数UTI很容易治疗。
部分患者人群,如儿童、孕妇和老年人,很容易发生并发症。观察到的UTI的症状很多,从微怒,到排尿菌血症,甚至有脓毒症。发生脓毒症时,如果诊断或治疗时机不够早,会引发死亡。
Prescient Medicine(Hummelstown,PA,USA)的医学科学家和同僚们比较了一些尿液样品产生的数据,这些尿样是从一家有572个床位的急诊护理医院收集的,收集期3个月,这些尿样保存在无菌容器中,进行了细菌培养和微生物分析。收到样品时,一份样品在5%羊血琼脂和麦康凯琼脂培养皿中培养,使用0.001毫升接种测量杯接种。
使用Sysmex UF-1000i尿液分析仪(Sysmex Corporation,Kobe,Japan)分析第二份样品的细菌和白细胞,该分析仪是一种全自动、荧光流式细胞仪,能分类计数红细胞、白细胞、上皮细胞、小圆细胞、精细胞、结晶、病理和透明管型、酵母和细菌。第二份样品还接受尿分析相关显微镜检测,查看是否有上皮细胞、白细胞、酵母和细菌。
2034份(50%)样品的尿液培养物没有细菌生长,1812份(45%)样品的集落生成单位(CFU)数量小于104。4033份结果中,754份(19%)样品细菌生长105 CFU/mL或更多,认为190份(5%)样品受到污染,因为它们含有多种细菌。但是,如果细菌生长量超出定义的阴性结果,即使UTI数量可能很低,仍认为患者样品阳性。培养阳性的样品中,最常发现的微生物是大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属,这与已知的流行病学数据一致。
UF-1000i检测报告中,从成人患者获得的4033份单份尿样中,2736份(67.8%)样品白细胞计数和细菌阳性,1215份(30.1%)样品白细胞计数和细菌结果阴性。该研究中成年人群任何阳性培养物的阴性预测值为95.5%,使用Sysmex UF-1000i,生长100000或更多CFU的阳性培养物的阴性预测值为99.3%。从儿科患者中收集了373份单份尿液样品,使用UF-1000i法,269份(72%)样品有白细胞计数和细菌结果阳性,104份(27.9%)样品白细胞计数升高和细菌检测结果为阴性。
作者得出结论,Sysmex UF-1000i的灵敏度为98%,专属性为93.7%,阴性预测值为95.5%。因此,使用UF-1000i进行阴性筛查,使用定义的阈值进行白细胞计数和细菌检测可能获得真阴性结果,减少了推定的抗生素使用需要。该研究发表于2017年11月刊的Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine(病理学和检验医学文献)。

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