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血液检查分析鉴别早期肿瘤

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 19 May 2017
 开发的血液检验法用于筛查来源于肿瘤细胞的甲基化DNA可能预示着一个更简单更精确的癌症诊断时代的到来。
目前没有能同时检测癌症和预测其组织来源的基于游离DNA(cfDNA)的检测法。为填补此空白,加利福尼亚大学(洛杉矶,美国)的研究人员已提出了一种新方法,CancerLocator,这种方法能使用全基因组DNA甲基化数据同时推断血液样品中循环DNA的比例和组织来源。
CancerLocator鉴别不同癌症类型循环癌症DNA的特异性甲基化方式,并与一个肿瘤表观遗传学数据库中的方式进行比较。由于肿瘤细胞的DNA在癌症最早期进入血液,该方法为早期检测疾病提供了一种方法。
在一项临床前研究中,CancerLocator和另外两个方法被用于分析29名存活肝癌患者、12名肺癌患者和5名乳腺癌患者的血液样品。CancerLocator准确鉴别出29名肝癌患者中的25名,12名处于癌症早期阶段的肺癌患者中的5名。总之,CancerLocator的总体错误率为0.265,相比之下,另外两个方法的错误率为0.646-0.604。
资深作者Xianghong Jasmine Zhou博士说,“我们构建了一个表观遗传标记物数据库,尤其是甲基化方式,这在许多类型的癌症中常见,也在特定组织(如肺和肝)来源的癌症中具体可见。我们还编辑了非癌样本的相同的分子指纹图谱,以便我们有一种基础指纹图谱,与癌症样本进行比较。这些标志物能用于反卷积进入血液的游离肿瘤DNA和非肿瘤DNA。无创诊断癌症很重要,也允许早期诊断癌症,诊断越早,患者战胜疾病的几率越大。我们已开发一种计算机驱动的测试,能从一份血样中检测癌症,还能鉴别出癌症的类型。该技术尚处于起步阶段,需要进一步验证,但其对患者的潜在益处是巨大的。”
关于CancerLocator法的说明,可见2017年3月24日网络版Genome Biology(基因组生物学)。

加利福尼亚大学(洛杉矶)


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