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医学研究的数项重大进展成为AACC 2014的亮点

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 04 Sep 2014
医学研究的重大进展包括:采用生物芯片技术的阿尔茨海默病(AD)血液检验,诊断早期结肠癌的新型检验,更准确的多发性骨髓瘤预后方法,压力更小的睡眠呼吸暂停检验,孕妇生物样本库的建立。

奥地利维也纳医科大学生理学研究所研究员Michael Veitinger博士在AACC 2014年会上汇报了他的研究成果。现行的阿尔茨海默病检验结合神经心理检查与昂贵的大脑扫描或痛苦的腰穿;而生物芯片阵列技术有望用血样可靠地诊断阿尔茨海默病。

目前急需能在为时未晚时发现结肠癌的检验方法。山东大学临床化验系主任王传新教授展示了他发现的大肠癌新生物标记物。王教授发现了血液中的四种微RNA,它们能高度准确地诊断大肠癌,并能区分I期和II期患者与健康对照。

治疗多发性骨髓瘤时几乎所有缓解的患者最终都复发。大多数复发是因为微小残留病变(MRD)检测不到,微小残留病变就是成功治疗后病人体内持续存在的少量骨髓瘤细胞。美国明尼苏达州罗彻斯特市梅奥诊所的临床化学研究员John Mills博士用miRAMM这种高灵敏质谱方法检测多发性骨髓瘤患者的MRD并在会上汇报了结果。他的方法使用血样,比用骨髓样本的传统MRD检验更可靠,因为不是所有的骨髓瘤细胞都位于骨髓内。这种新方法能发现那些需要治疗MRD的患者,有望提高多发性骨髓瘤患者的生存率。

目前急需孕妇的血清、尿液、骨髓血、胎盘和其它组织样本,以便研究影响母亲和胎儿双方的病症。2011 AACC的主席Ann Gronowski博士是华盛顿大学医学院(St. More...
Louis, Missouri, USA)病理与免疫系主任,他收集妊娠各期妇女的生物样本,创建了一套生物样本库,并在会上汇报了结果。在过去6年间,这套生物库已收集了近45,000份样本。迄今为止,已把其中的4,700份样本分给五所大学的11名科学家,以帮助他们的研究,其余样本保存下来供将来的研究。

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停可能导致活动困难、学习障碍、肺循环/体循环高血压以及发育减缓。现在诊断睡眠呼吸暂停的金标准是彻夜睡眠研究,它不仅可能对儿童造成创伤,而且耗费人力,成本高昂,并非任何场合都可行。在AACC年会上,美国肯塔基州路易斯维尔大学(www.louisville.edu)临床化学研究员Trevor Pitcher博士报告了他的研究成果,其研究结果显示免疫测定能有效检测尿液中的应激肽——尿皮质素3,睡眠呼吸暂停儿童体内的尿皮质素3大幅升高。相较在睡眠诊所的怪床上待一夜,这项尿检在心理上容易接受得多。

除了这项突破性科技,2014的全体会议上还有专家讲授了新生儿筛查的重要性、肥胖的生物学机理和HIV治疗的最新进展。

AACC CEO Janet B. Kreizman指出:“这些研究以及纲领性的全会显示医疗化验领域正在大步前进,病人更容易得到治疗,创造更健康、更长寿的生活。”

Related Links:
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