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用微流控器件自动监测全血止血

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 24 Mar 2016
科研人员设计了一种检验凝血(也称止血)趋势的分析器件,有一天如果在任何临床场合异常的血凝和血小板功能危及患者健康,它可能挽救患者的生命。

这款微流控分析器件可以使用血样,或者嵌入病人的血流导管;这样有一天临床医师就能提前预防血凝或内出血等致命事件。

哈佛大学Wyss生物工程研究所(Boston, MA, USA)的科学家设计了一款微流控器件,模仿变狭窄的小动脉血管,可以在病理生理血流下的少量样本内估计血凝。基于血栓形成的数学模型应用凝血时间分析,可以准确测量体外病人血样里的凝血和血小板功能。

该器件适配标准的(75 × 50 mm)显微镜载玻片,用恰当的软件可简化显微镜分析,它还使用了美国马萨诸塞州牛顿市MicroChem公司用光刻法在硅(100)基片上制造的SU8 2075主模板。微流控器件是用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)的软光刻技术制造的。器件内含中空的通道,以模仿小血管变窄的病理现象;血管狭窄是病人的病症或治疗的副作用,常引起血流流体力学的变化,进而造成致命的血凝块或内出血。

在此前进行的一项大型动物研究中,该科研小组把来自一段活体血管的血液直接灌进微流控器件,测量一段时间内的临床凝集参数,他们得到了血样凝集时间的精确预测,比目前所用的临床测定准确得多、快得多。该器件的实时监测能力还能近乎连续地评估病人的凝血状态,因而能降低抗凝疗法产生毒副作用的可能性,而今天的标准是一天一到两次检验。科研小组还表面该器件能检测罕见出血病患者体内的异常血小板功能,而用传统测定产品不容易发现。

该研究的论文发表于2016年1月6日的《自然》杂志《通信》分册。领衔作者、博士后研究员Abhishek Jain博士说:“我们身体内一些现象的物理原理能解释血凝块为何形成或手术、创伤或体外医疗检查过程中血液为何无法凝结。我们的器件更精确地模仿了血凝的物理成因,所以我们希望这项技术有一天能用于挽救生命。”

Related Links:
Wyss生物工程研究所
MicroChem公司


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