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从结膜液中检测到寨卡病毒

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 07 Nov 2016
研究人员已发现,能从寨卡病毒感染者的结膜液样品中检测出寨卡病毒(ZIKV),提示可能使用一种比血液检测法更简便和安全的无创寨卡病毒检测法进行诊断和/或筛查。检测结果还增多了关于小头、感染寨卡病毒的婴儿患结膜炎的病因。
超过80%的感染者没有症状,而出现的临床症状常为关节痛、轻度自限性皮疹以及结膜炎(“红眼病”)。小头症婴儿严重的眼睛损伤与寨卡病毒感染相关;但是,目前仍不清楚眼部病灶是否是小头症或寨卡病毒感染的直接结果。
由Guangzhou Province department of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC;Beijing,China)的研究人员领导的团队检测到,使用实验室确证的寨卡病毒感染病例的结膜拭子样品能检测到寨卡病毒。
自2016年2月起,用PCR法确证了11名委内瑞拉来中国广东的旅游者感染了寨卡病毒。从这11个病例中,取了6个病例的血清和结膜拭子样品。出现症状后不超过5天能检测到其血清中的寨卡病毒RNA,但5个病例直至第7天才检测到结膜拭子样品中的寨卡病毒RNA。
“检测寨卡病毒RNA是一个确证寨卡病毒感染的金标准。本研究中,我们描述了从结膜拭子样品中直接检测和分离寨卡病毒的过程。虽然已描述从尿液、精液、唾液和乳汁细胞培养物中分离寨卡病毒的方法,但据我们所知,截至目前还没有从结膜中检测和分离寨卡病毒的报告,”作者说明。
“虽然这些结果不足以用于建议使用结膜拭子作为寨卡病毒感染诊断的替代性样品,因为与尿液和唾液样品中寨卡病毒的传染和脱落时间(<20天)相比,结膜液(<7天)中寨卡病毒的传染和脱落时间更短,”他们补充说明,“虽然此报告未提供支持此适应症的直接证据,但这些结果可能影响寨卡病毒的传播,例如,通过角膜移植供者传播。不过,需要流行病学数据和试验研究。”
本研究已由Sun J等人发表于2016年9月15日网络版的JAMA Ophthalmology(美国医学会眼科杂志)杂志。

Related Links:
China CDC 
Department of Health of Guangdong Province 


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