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艰难梭菌诊断指南发布更新

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 09 Oct 2016
艰难梭菌感染(CDI)最佳诊断方法的新指南已经发布,最新文档更新了原始的2009年版,纳入了如何使用核酸扩增检验(NAAT)等诊断新技术的建议。

这次更新的主要目的是总结实验室诊断CDI的现有证据,并制订和修订优化CDI检验的建议。这次更新对于欧洲国家改进CDI的诊断和提高CDI诊断的一致性至关重要。

一些科学家得到位于瑞士巴塞尔的欧洲临床微生物学与传染病学会(ESCMID)的赞助,他们认定了795份新检样本,排除了其中的693份,选取了102份做回顾。又进而排除61份,留下41份,用作新指南的依据。排除的原因有:参考检验不正确或不一致,指标检验不正确或不一致,样本保存方法不当以及样本检验不完全。一开始共有43份样本接受荟萃分析,对它们加以考虑后排除其中的28份,留下15份。

市面上有多种实验室测定产品,科学家评估了它们准确诊断CDI的能力。一般用细胞细胞毒性中和试验(CNNA)或致毒培养物(TC)检验作为参考检验来研究2009年后问世的几种检验的准确性。这些检验包括检测谷氨酸脱氢酶或毒素A与毒素B的酶免疫测定(EIA)以及新型NAAT。

基于荟萃分析全部样本的证据得出的最强烈建议是:待验样本不应局限于医生专门指定的病例;可以用直肠拭子对有明显肠梗阻(无可辨肠鸣音的不活跃肠)的患者进行致毒培养物检验、NAAT或谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH) EIA;单次独立检验不可靠,不应使用,而两步算法是必要的。

这套两步式算法结合了快速测定与后续检验:路径一——两步程序始于NAAT或GDH EIA检验。阴性检验结果应被视为CDI阴性,而阳性检验结果应继之以毒素A/B EIA检验,以证实结果。路径二——两步程序始于GDH EIA检验和毒素A/B EIA检验。如果两者都呈阳性,说明可能存在CDI。如果两者都呈阴性,CDI肯定不存在,但如果GDH呈阳性且毒素A/B呈阴性,则可选择再做NAAT检验还是TC检验。

该研究的论文发表于2016年7月22日《临床微生物学与感染》(Clinical Microbiology and Infection)杂志的网络版。资深作者、实验微生物学教授E.J. More...
Kuijper说:“新指南适用于医学微生物学家、肠胃病医师、传染病专科医师和传染控制工作者。我们的目标不仅是改进CDI的诊断,还要标准化全欧洲的诊断流程,以便更好地监控疾病。”

Related Links:
欧洲临床微生物学与传染病学会 


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