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通过血检更早检测乳腺癌扩散

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 18 Jul 2016
当骨骼、肝、肺或脑内长出新肿瘤时,就是继发乳腺癌,它需要更灵敏的无创检验才能简化诊断,并尽早开始治疗。

继发乳腺癌在症状显现前难以诊断,多达三分之一的乳腺癌患者会出现继发乳腺癌,有时是在表面上成功地治疗局部原发乳腺癌的许多年后发作。

英国伦敦威斯敏斯特大学的科学家收集了乳腺癌患者的血清样本,这些患者是在乳腺癌得到诊断的9到15个月后参与研究,开始时做一次静脉穿刺,之后每年做一次,共五次静脉穿刺。到2012年10月时207名患者的癌症转移到远处,其中120人有第一年的血清样本和至少另一年的血清样本。在用乳腺癌患者血清样本进行的巢式病例–对照研究中,52人在诊断后五年内发生远端转移,60人无复发。

科学家用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)量化病人血清中的上皮型钙粘附蛋白-5 (CDH5)水平,并评估了通过罗马蜗牛凝集素(HPA)结合实现的糖基化。用Dynatech医疗用品公司(Alexandria, VA, USA)的MRX酶标仪监测反应,用珀金埃尔默公司(Beaconsfield, UK)的Wallac 1420 Victor 2酶标仪读取450纳米波长的吸收。还测量了血清中癌抗原15.3 (CA15.3)、癌胚抗原(CEA)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的水平。

研究人员检测到较高水平的CDH5蛋白,一年后诊断出继发乳腺癌的妇女该蛋白的表面沾有不寻常的糖。这说明现有血检的灵敏度仍有提高的空间,以更早地诊断继发疾病。血清CDH5水平和CDH5:HPA的比值显示乳腺癌转移患者体内的这些生物标记物水平大幅升高,同时测得CA15.3的值,它的特异性高于CDH:HPA比值,灵敏度低于CDH:HPA比值。

癌症研究组组长Miriam Dwek博士说:“血液检验鉴定雌激素反应乳腺癌患者的效果特别好,这类乳腺癌占诊断出的全部乳腺癌的70%。我们很振奋,希望深入开发这项检验,以便将来有监护病人的更好方法。”该研究的论文发表于2016年3月24日的《不列颠癌症杂志》(British Journal of Cancer)上。

Related Links:
威斯敏斯特大学
Dynatech医疗用品公司
珀金埃尔默公司 


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