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多靶DNA生物标记物检验改进了结肠癌诊断

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 06 May 2014
一项大规模临床研究显示,用一种检测大便样本中的几种DNA生物标记物和隐血的无创检验诊断大肠癌比现在所用的粪便免疫化学检验(FIT)灵敏得多。

Exact科学公司(Madison, WI, USA)的Cologuard检验包括KRAS突变、异常NDRG4和BMP3甲基化的定量分子测定和β-肌动蛋白,以及血红蛋白免疫测定。研究人员通过筛查近一万名患者比较了Cologuard检验与市售的FIT测定和结肠镜检这一金标准。

给9,989名参与者做了结肠镜检查,检测到65人(0.7%)有大肠癌,757人(7.6%)有晚期癌前病变。将上述结果与DNA测定和FIT进行比较,结果显示DNA检验检测大肠癌的灵敏度为92.3%,FIT的灵敏度为73.8%。DNA检验检测晚期癌前病变的灵敏度为42.4%,FIT的灵敏度为23.8%。DNA检验检测重度发育异常息肉的检测率为69.2%,FIT的检测率为46.2%;两者对一厘米或一厘米以上无蒂锯齿状息肉的检测率分别为42.4%和5.1%。DNA检验和FIT的特异性分别为86.6%和94.9%。两者对结肠镜检结果为非晚期病变或阴性的参与者的特异性分别为89.8%和96.4%。因此,虽然DNA检验比FIT检验更灵敏,却并没有产生更多假阳性结果,而假阳性结果将导致不必要的结肠镜检。

该研究的论文发表于2014年3月19日《新英格兰医学杂志》(New England Journal of Medicine)的网络版。投稿作者、Cologuard检验的发明人之一、梅奥诊所(Rochester, MN, USA)的肠胃病学家David Ahlquist博士说:“这项大型研究证明,Cologuard检测早期癌症和高风险癌前息肉的检测率十分出色,其它无创方法都望尘莫及。我们希望这种准确而用户友好的检验将使筛查更为有效,有助于像常规巴氏涂片筛查降低宫颈癌发病率一样遏制大肠癌的发病率。”

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