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血液中的癌症DNA有助于肝癌治疗个体化

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 26 Jan 2016
肝癌肿瘤标本很难获得,有时会令患者面临危险,因此需要无创方法了解癌症进展和潜在基因特征。
手术前检测血清中受损癌细胞释放的DAN(被称为循环肿瘤DNA,ctDNA),能预测肿瘤复发的可能性及其在最常见类型晚期肝癌患者体内转移扩散的可能性。
Hiroshima University(Japan)的科研人员和他们的同事分析了46名肝细胞癌患者的循环肿瘤DNA,这些患者接受了肝切除术或肝脏移植,并能获得全基因组测序数据。研究人员对每个肿瘤的目标体细胞重排进行个体化分析,以量化血清ctDNA。对经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)后肝癌复发患者,使用游离DNA配对原发肿瘤组织DNA进行外显子组测序。
研究团队使用化学发光免疫测定法(Fujirebio;Tokyo,Japan)和化学发光酶免疫测定法(Abbott Laboratories,Abbott Park,IL,USA)分别分析α-胎蛋白(AFP)和脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原(DCP)。AFP和DCP异常的阈值分别定义为10 ng/mL和30 mAU/mL。使用SMI-TEST(Genome Science Laboratories,Tokyo,Japan)从100 μL术前血清提取游离DNA。对检测分析结果阳性的样品和可获得的系列血清样品进行实时聚合酶链式反应(PCR)分析。使用Mx300P系统(Applied Biosystems,Foster City,CA,USA)进行PCR。
研究者能从游离DNA样品中鉴别出25种常见突变,样品包括正常细胞和癌细胞的DNA,以及肿瘤本身的DNA。此外,从肿瘤组织中鉴别出的83%的突变也能从游离DNA中鉴别出来。研究者发现7名患者的样品中有ctDNA,并说ctDNA可能是一种研究癌症患者基因重排的无创方法。此信息能帮助医生为患者提供癌症靶向治疗。研究者还表明,血清ctDNA水平反应了治疗效果以及肝细胞癌(HCC)的进展。本研究已发表于2015年9月刊的Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology(细胞和分子胃肠病学和肝病学杂志)。

Related Links:
Hiroshima University 
Fujirebio 
Abbott Laboratories 
Genome Science Laboratories 
Applied Biosystems 


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