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为内脏利什曼病开发的免疫层析检验

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 13 Oct 2015
市面上的内脏利什曼病诊断检验或者是创伤性的且要求丰富的专业知识,如用寄生虫学知识证明组织涂片里有寄生虫,或者无法区分以前的感染与活跃的感染,血清检验方法就有这一不足。

一种侧流测定器件采用免疫层析检验(ICT)的形式,其原理是用单克隆抗体(mAb)检测血液循环中的利什曼原虫,它能检测早期的疾病,继而实施恰当的治疗,这对于控制内脏利什曼病至关重要。

中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所位于上海,所里的科学家制出单克隆抗体,用单克隆抗体开发出一种ICT,作为检测血清样本和血样中循环抗原的夹心测定。从中国内脏利什曼病疫区的患者身上取血清样本,用这批血清样本、其它疾病患者的156份血清样本以及健康献血者的78份血清样本评估ICT。市售的Kalazar内脏利什曼病快速检验是美国华盛顿州西雅图市InBios国际股份有限公司的产品,它用作对照。这件诊断工具是检测人血清中抗杜氏利什曼原虫抗体的ICT。

用内脏利什曼病患者的213份血清样本评估了新开发的ICT。其中204份血清样本(95.8%)呈阳性反应。不同疫区血清样本的阳性反应不尽相同,人类传播型内脏利什曼病(AVL)阳性检出率为63/64 (98.4%),动物传播的荒漠亚型内脏利什曼病(DST-ZVL)阳性检出率为66/71 (93.0%),动物传播的山地亚型内脏利什曼病(MST-ZVL)阳性检出率为75/78 (96.2%)。所有的内脏利什曼病患者都用显微镜检骨髓涂片得到了诊断。新开发的ICT检测血液循环中的利什曼原虫效果可媲美检测抗利什曼原虫抗体的市售Kalazar快速检验。

该研究的论文发表于2015年6月30日的《公共科学图书馆》杂志《被忽视的热带病》分册(Public Library of Science Neglected Tropical Diseases)。作者总结说,新开发的ICT是一种易用且更准确的诊断工具,能达到现场和实验室条件下检测内脏利什曼病所要求的性能特征和操作特征。由于ICT检测血液循环中的抗原,因此可用于观察治疗是否成功并诊断免疫力低下患者的内脏利什曼病。

Related Links:
中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所

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