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用侧流测定确定隐球菌病

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 19 Sep 2014
用抗原筛查检测人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阳性者的亚临床隐球菌病,这为预防临床疾病和死亡提供了一个可能的机会。

最近开发成功的床旁隐球菌抗原检验也许可用于筛查,特别是在资源有限的场合,这样隐球菌抗原可以检测到的病人就能被发现并抢先治疗。

位于坦桑尼亚Mwanza的天主教健康与综合科学大学的科学家使用两种不同的稀释剂,通过与作为筛查工具的金标准血清抗原检验评估了床旁尿侧流测定(LFA)隐球菌抗原检验的效用。在两家医院开始抗逆转录病毒疗法的门诊病人的尿液和血清接受了检验,看是否有隐球菌抗原。

用Immuno-Mycologics股份有限公司(Norman, OK, USA)的CrAg LFA筛查所有患者的尿样,看是否有隐球菌抗原,使用了标准稀释剂和一种新的试验尿液稀释剂。LFA采用免疫层析试纸,试纸上浸满针对荚膜多糖抗原的单克隆抗体,而荚膜多糖抗原是隐球菌种复合体真菌所共有的,包括新型隐球菌和格特隐球菌。将试纸放进混合物,十分钟后在室温下判读试纸。如果试纸上出现两条线(检验线和对照线),无论强度如何,都解读为阳性结果,而如果只有一条对照线,则解读为阴性结果。检验需时约10分钟。

在接受筛查的140名患者中,10人(7.1%)有无症状的隐球菌抗原血症,携带阳性的血清隐球菌抗原。其中4人CD4计数值在100和200个细胞/微升之间。用标准(较老)稀释剂和试验(较新)稀释剂检测到尿液中隐球菌抗原的发生率分别为44例(31.4%)和19例(13.6%)。相较新型LFA稀释剂,标准稀释剂的灵敏度更高,后者为100%,前者为80%,但特异性更低,前者为74%,后者为92%,所用的金标准是血清隐球菌抗原。

该研究的论文发表于2014年8月8日的《国际艾滋病学会杂志》(Journal of the International AIDS Society)。作者总结说,CD4计数值小于200而不是100个细胞/微升的HIV阳性门诊病人应该接受筛查,看是否有无症状的隐球菌抗原血症,因为如果得不到治疗,极可能导致死亡。尿液LFA与血清LFA的一致性不足以表明用尿液LFA作为日常筛查。

Related Links:
天主教健康与综合科学大学
Immuno-Mycologics股份有限公司


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