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生物传感器技术能快速检测流感病毒

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 05 Jul 2017
一个研究团队开发了一种电压传感器,用于早期检测甲型流感病毒(H1N1),其检测灵敏度是常规检测灵敏度的近100倍,并能区分人流感病毒株和禽流感病毒株。
Tokyo Medical and Dental University(TMDU;Tokyo,Japan)的研究人员开发的传感器甚至能早期检测极低密度的病毒。此类早期诊断在避免可能的流感爆发中至关重要,因为必须及时给予抗病毒药物进行控制。常规检测流感病毒的方法速度慢,费用高,可能错过早期病毒感染。相反,新的生物传感器检测法能检测到导电聚合物中电压的微小变化,快速检测出比现有试剂盒检测浓度限值小100倍密度的病毒。
导电性聚合物是一类碳基分子,可能导电,但也能用于生物环境。生物分子很容易附着在聚合物上,从而允许其与特定靶点结合。本研究中,聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)是一个功能基团改良分子,能与H1N1人流感病毒结合,但不会与禽流感病毒株结合。
“导电聚合物相对于无机聚合物有多种优势,”通讯作者Yuji Miyahara解释到,“包括能进行电流转运和离子转运,具备机械可塑性,细胞毒性低,通过铸模或打印生产成本低,通过化学合成或掺杂工艺,产品有可调节性。”
为构建生物传感器,将聚合物薄膜放在两个电极之间。当溶液中含有H1N1,并且其外壳上携带少量正电荷时,加入导电聚合物后一些病毒会粘在聚合物上,并增大电极检测到的电压。这种电流法允许传感器检测到存在的很少量病毒。病毒载量通常以血凝单位(HAU)进行检测。新的传感器能检测出的病毒浓度小至0.013 HAU。相比之下,使用免疫色谱法的现有试剂盒商品仅能检测出浓度为1.13 HAU左右的病毒。
“该设备是可穿戴监测器和床旁检测的良好候选设备,”研究的合著者Shoji Yamaoka补充道。
本研究已由Hai W等人发表于2016年4月5日版的ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces(应用材料与界面)杂志。


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