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通过验血监测DNA片段以检测黑色素瘤转移

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 15 Apr 2016
一项血检监测血液中死亡癌细胞的DNA片段水平,它能比现行的标准检验更好地追踪转移性黑色素瘤的严重性和可能的扩散。

标准检验数十年来得到广泛采用,为治疗决策提供信息,测量血液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的水平。在肿瘤疯狂生长的过程中,酶的水平往往飙升,但我们知道其它疾病和生物功能也会使其水平升高。

美国纽约大学医学院的科学家及其同事查看了循环肿瘤DNA (ctDNA)的水平,肿瘤细胞死亡后破裂解体,碎片排入血液。他们在三年时间内检查了31名不宜手术的转移性黑色素瘤患者。所有患者都有与致命皮肤癌相关的两个最常见基因突变之一——B-Raf原癌基因丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(BRAF)或神经母细胞瘤RAS病毒(V-Ras)原癌基因同源物(NRAS)。所有患者接受治疗后都做了ctDNA和LDH血检,大多数人在治疗前做了血检。取30名无黑色素瘤者的结果统计平均值,作为正常的血液ctDNA水平。

用小滴数字PCR (ddPCR)测定确定ctDNA的水平。治疗开始前有样本的患者中,12/15名患者(80%)的ctDNA水平升高,6/20名患者(30%)的LDH水平升高。治疗开始前实体瘤反应评估标准(RECIST)分值大于5厘米的患者中,5/7名患者(71%)的ctDNA水平升高,1/13名患者(8%)的LDH水平升高。此外,16例非RECIST疾病进展有13例(81%)的ctDNA水平升高,包括12例新发脑转移中的10例(83%)。另一方面,16例非RECIST疾病进展有8例(50%)的LDH水平升高,包括12例新发脑转移中的6例(50%)。

该研究的论文发表于2016年1月号的《分子肿瘤学》(Molecular Oncology)杂志。资深作者David Polsky博士说:“我们的研究结果显示循环肿瘤DNA是估计和追踪转移性黑色素瘤进展的绝佳血检。我们需要追踪潜在疾病进展的血检,因为验血能反映全身正在发生的情况,而扫描并不总是显像身体的全部。”

Related Links:
纽约大学医学院

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