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可穿戴的葡萄糖器件带有给药模块

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 06 Apr 2017
 科研人员日前开发成一种方便准确的基于汗液的葡萄糖监测与维持器件,它能快速测量葡萄糖,让医生分步开药且药的剂量精确受控。

韩国大田市基础科学研究所(IBS)纳米粒子研究中心的科研小组在2016年研究的基础上更进一步,提高了汗液收集、感知和疗程的效率。这台葡萄糖测量系统还采用方便的可抛型试纸-传感器形式。

传统程序需要反复进行痛苦的抽血和胰岛素注射,所以使病人高度紧张。许多患者不愿意按要求接受定期检查和治疗,导致症状加重。最近的替代方案——基于汗液的监护是一种无痛的血糖监测方法。然而,临床应用面临诸多困难:乏味的血液采集过程、易出错的酶葡萄糖感应可能导致开药过量,等等。

为解决这些问题,科研小组开发了一种易用的多步模块。为了加速汗液收集,他们改造了该系统,使之用少量汗液也能工作。在葡萄糖传感器和pH传感器内,参考电极和对电极紧紧包在一起,以最大程度减少所需的汗液量。该器件拥有比此前研究所用的更多的小型传感器,使传感器得以微型化,仅用1微升汗液也能可靠分析。

Lee H等人将该研究的论文发表于2017年3月8日的《科学前沿》(Science Advances)杂志。第一作者Hyunjae Lee博士说:“找到最佳尺寸的传感器颇为艰难。如果尺寸太小,信号就会太小,或者表面功能化难以处理。”

他们用有电化学活性的多孔金属电极(代替以前研究所用的石墨烯材料),以提高灵敏度。再者,多孔结构使电极形成酶之间的强连接,使传感器受到机械摩擦和变形作用时更加可靠。

这套测汗贴系统又多出一层吸汗层(水溶性的多孔碳水化合物网络,可高效吸收皮肤排出的汗液),以获得更准确的读数和实施反馈疗法,硅胶贴后的防水带便于集汗,甚至在皮肤发生物理变形的情况下都能保持测汗贴完好。

该系统还能可靠地给药,防止过度治疗。反馈疗法的药物涂在两颗不同的随温度变化的相变纳米粒子(PCN)上,纳米粒子埋在微针里,微针上再涂上相变材料(PCM)。

Lee博士强调额外的PCM喷涂的作用:“以前的系统不能防止药物从药池里自然扩散,且严重依赖温度,温度升高才能提高药物扩散的速度。我们的系统用PCM防止药物释放,原理是相变材料在临界温度之上有融化特性,实现了逐步给药。再者,PCN里还能装载不同的药,实现逐步的多药给药。”

受三台多通道加热器控制的热敏微针根据测得的葡萄糖水平最多能分6次剂量给药。科研人员用糖尿病小鼠做实验,证实了输送的药量越多,血糖水平就越受到抑制。

Lee博士说:“这台方便而准确的系统还兼容大规模生产模式,因为它用的金属电极很容易通过传统的半导体制造工艺制造,尽管在投入临床应用前仍有改进的空间。”论文的通信作者之一KIM Dae-Hyeong博士指出:“这台系统的基本原理可用于诊断和治疗各种疾病。”

基础科学研究所


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