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用生物芯片传感器测量唾液葡萄糖水平

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 29 Aug 2014
日前开发成功的一款新型生物芯片传感器能选择性测量类似于人唾液的复杂溶液里的葡萄糖浓度。

这款新器件利用一系列特殊的化学反应,再结合等离子干涉测量,等离子干涉技术是一种用光检测化合物化学特性的方法。该器件的灵敏度足以检测所采样本容积中只有几千葡萄糖分子这一浓度水平的差异。

位于美国罗德岛州普罗维登斯的布朗大学的科学家联用等离子干涉测量与酶驱动的染料测定,采两者之长,打造出一个能检测唾液中葡萄糖的光传感器,它具有高灵敏度和高选择性。这颗生物芯片由2.54 x 2.54厘米的石英制成,石英上涂有薄薄的一层银。银内部刻有数千只纳米尺度的干涉仪,它们是一些微小的缝隙,每侧有一道槽。槽宽200纳米,缝隙宽100纳米。

当液体沉积在芯片上时,光线和表面等离子波穿过液体,然后互相干涉。干涉模式根据液体化学成分的不同被改变,检测器将捕捉到干涉模式的改变。科学家给芯片加上微流控通道,引入两种以特定方式与葡萄糖反应的酶。第一种酶是葡萄糖氧化酶,它与葡萄糖反应形成过氧化氢分子。然后这个分子与第二种酶——辣根过氧化物酶——反应,形成试卤灵(resorufin)分子,它能吸收和发射红光,因而给溶液上色。然后科研小组可以调节干涉仪,寻找红色的试卤灵分子。

科研小组通过寻找人工唾液里的葡萄糖测试了染料化学反应与等离子干涉技术的组合,人工唾液是水、盐和酶的混合物,用来仿真人类唾液。他们发现他们能实时检测试卤灵,且准确性和特异性高。他们成功检测到0.1 μM/L的葡萄糖浓度变化,这样的灵敏度是单用干涉仪的10倍。该器件检测皮升级的葡萄糖具有高灵敏度和高特异性,有效测量范围覆盖人唾液中葡萄糖浓度的生理范围——20 μM–240 μM。

研究负责人、工程学助理教授Domenico Pacifici博士说:“我们展示了测量唾液中典型浓度的葡萄糖所要求的灵敏度,唾液中的葡萄糖水平一般只有血液中的一百分之一。现在我们能达到极高的特异性,说明我们能从唾液的本底组分中区分出葡萄糖。”该研究的论文发表于2014年6月号的《纳米光电子学》(Nanophotonics)杂志。

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