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新颖的唾液检验能发现和追踪癌症

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 10 May 2016
能检测唾液中肺癌生物标记物的一种快速准确的检验很快将投入临床实验,这项检验只需10分钟就出结果,并可在医生诊室内进行。

一种叫“液体活检”的方法能检测唾液和血液等体液中的循环肿瘤DNA,它有望以微创方式快速鉴定癌症,且更容易追踪治疗过程中疾病的进展。

美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)的科学家研制的这只器件采用电场诱导释放与测量(EFIRM)检测唾液中的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)生物标记物。EFIRM器件分析外泌体的内容,外泌体实际是细胞现在以及反复排出的一小团一小团的分子。该器件迫使外泌体释放其内容,同时对释放出来的生物分子进行生物识别,与现行的测序技术相比该方法非常准确。

该检验的工作原理是检测表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)蛋白里的基因突变。该蛋白正常情况下帮助细胞生长和分裂,但一些NSCLC细胞的EGFR过多,因而生长更快。临床医师可以立即开EGFR抑制剂这种药,阻断该蛋白。这一重要发现来自一项单盲随机临床研究,该研究使用了取自肺癌患者的唾液样本。用EFIRM方法检测唾液中EGFR基因上的两个致肿瘤突变(L858R和外显子19删除),研究人员得到了与支气管镜检测方法近乎相同的结果。

他们的成果对于开发更有效、无创、可靠的肺癌突变早期检测方法意义重大。再者,EFIRM检验有望揭示施用治疗癌症的药物后机体如何反应以及是否需要调整那些药物以改进病人的反应。

该研究的论文在2016年2月11–15日于美国华盛顿特区举行的美国科学促进协会2016年年会上做了宣读。研究负责人、UCLA口腔/头颈肿瘤研究中心主任David T.W. More...
Wong博士认为该检验构成了一套诊断工具的一部分。例如,如果肺X光片显示可疑结节,医生就能用这项唾液检验迅速发现是否可能得癌症。

Related Links:
加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校


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