Certest Offers Real-Time PCR Assays for Fast Detection of MDR Bacterial Infections

Resistance to antibiotics is a natural phenomenon, through which bacteria are able to adapt and survive the activity of these compounds and poses a serious global threat of growing concern to human, animal, and environment health. This is due to the emergence, spread, and persistence of the “superbugs.” Multidrug bacteria exist across the animal, human, and environment triangle and there is interlinked sharing of these pathogens in this triad. The plausible causes of the AMR include excessive use of antibiotics in animals and humans, antibiotics sold over-the-counter, poor sanitation, and release of non-metabolized antibiotics or their residues into the environment through manure. These factors contribute to genetic selection pressure for the emergence of MDR bacterial infections in the community.

Initial inappropriate antimicrobial therapy of severe infections leads to an increased morbidity and mortality. Adequate therapy of severe infections caused by MDR is challenging as many of the main compounds typically used for infections caused by susceptible microorganisms are inactive. This may lead to extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, which would contribute to selection of further resistance and may also expose patients to unnecessary toxicity.

Routine antibiogram techniques are based on a phenotypic study in which microbial growth is observed in the presence of different antibiotics. These techniques include broth macrodilution and microdilution (the gold standard for the antibiogram), agar dilution and strips with an antibiotic gradient. They yield results in around 17 hours. This is why alternative techniques to conventional diagnosis are required that present greater speed, sensitivity, specificity and ability to detect microorganisms, along with their antibiotic resistance mechanism. In addition, techniques are sought with the highest degree of automation possible, ease of implementation and a good cost effectiveness ratio.

CerTest has developed real-time PCR assays for the fast detection of genes or punctual mutations that confer resistance to antibiotics from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. These products include multiplex assays for the detection of the principal carbapenem-resistance genes, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and the principal beta-lactamase genes. These four multiplex assays cover the main antibiotic resistance genes associated with MDR bacterial infections and sepsis-causing pathogens.

The advantage of these multiplex products is that they can each be used individually or as a broad-spectrum panel to evaluate a sample from a patient. They have been validated both in swab specimens and direct-from-blood. This clinical diagnostic tool allows obtaining the results without having to wait for the incubation time of a culture and has proven to be more sensitive and accurate than these traditional techniques, being able to initiate a personalized treatment, offering a structural model for efficient health care and avoiding the massive use of antibiotics.

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