Nasal Test Developed to Diagnose Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

They obtained olfactory mucosa samples by using a nasal tampon, a rigid fiberoptic rhinoscope, enveloped with a disposable sheath, the Slide-On EndoSheath System (Medtronic Xomed; Minneapolis, MN, USA) and a sterile, disposable brush was then inserted alongside the fibroscope, gently rolled on the mucosal surface and withdrawn, and processed.

An in vitro PrPCJD amplification technology, designated real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC), has been shown to have considerable promise as a highly specific diagnostic test for sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Testing with RT-QuIC correctly identified 30 of the 31 CJD patients (97% sensitivity) and correctly showed negative results for all 43 of the non-CJD patients (100% specificity). By comparison, tests using cerebral spinal fluid which is currently used to detect sporadic CJD were 77% sensitive and 100% specific, and the results took twice as long to obtain.

Anthony S. Fauci, MD, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said, “This exciting advance, the culmination of decades of studies on prion diseases, markedly improves on available diagnostic tests for CJD that are less reliable, more difficult for patients to tolerate, and require more time to obtain results. With additional validation, this test has potential for use in clinical and agricultural settings.” The study was published on August 7, 2014, in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).

Related Links:
US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Medtronic Xomed