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分子学检测预测TB治疗结果

By LabMedica International staff writers
Posted on 09 Oct 2017
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图片:该项回顾性队列研究发现,在预测耐多药肺结核治疗结局方面,氟喹诺酮类耐药性突变检测法与基于培养的药物敏感性检测相当(照片由哈佛医学院提供)。
图片:该项回顾性队列研究发现,在预测耐多药肺结核治疗结局方面,氟喹诺酮类耐药性突变检测法与基于培养的药物敏感性检测相当(照片由哈佛医学院提供)。
作为一种检测基因突变的快速方法,检测结核病耐受药物治疗的情况的新分子检测法正越来越受欢迎。但是,尚不清楚这些新的检测法在衡量实际药物治疗失败方面的进展如何了。研究人员现已发现,采用分子检测法检测对氟喹诺酮类结核病治疗药物的耐药性至少与需要配合实验室培养的传统药物敏感性检测同样有效。
传统药物敏感性培养检测法涉及将一个细菌菌株暴露于一系列药物,以确定哪些药物抑制细菌的生长,这种检测法要耗时长达8周才能得出结论。分子检测法能在几小时内得出结果,但对其预测治疗结果的准确性仍有质疑。此前的研究已表明,分子检测可能无法检测出超过30%的对药物莫西沙星不敏感菌株的耐药性突变,从而引起对这种方法作为耐药性检测法的可靠性的焦虑。
“基于培养的检测法仍被视为诊断TB耐药性的金标准,”研究的第一作者,哈佛医学院(Boston,MA,USA)和麻省综合医院(Boston,MA,USA)的Maha Farhat说,“但是,我们的研究结果应该提供可靠的证据,分子检测法是能可靠并更快速的检测出耐药性突变,还是检测诸如氟喹诺酮治疗失败患者的致耐药性基因改变以预测整体治疗结局的性能并非更好。”
研究人员注意到,他们的研究规模相对小,只有171名患者,需要进一步开展研究,以评估相对于标准实验室检测法,分子检测法对其他类型耐药性TB的预测准确性。但是,现有数据提供的初步证据显示,分子检测结果可能成为了解药物选择和预测患者感染的临床过程的主要证据。
“广泛实施分子检测来指导治疗方案的确定,对于阻止疾病传播和因为耐药性结核病而死亡至关重要,”研究的资深研究者,哈佛医学院的Carole Mitnick说明。
研究人员使用秘鲁利马的171名确诊有耐药性TB和接受个体化治疗方案患者的咳嗽分泌物样本,比较分子检测与传统的基于培养的检测法检测对氟喹诺酮类药物耐药性的性能,氟喹诺酮类药物是一类治疗多药耐药性TB(即对至少两种一线TB药物耐药)和有广泛耐药性TB(即对胰腺和二线TB药物耐药)的重要药物。
171份样本中,44份样本携带一种已知令TB耐受数种氟喹诺酮类药物的基因突变。研究团队发现,氟喹诺酮类药物高度对抗基因变异和有中度耐药水平的变异体。TB菌株携带高度耐药突变体的患者对治疗的反应性差,与没有至耐药突变体的TB患者相比,其治疗反应性不足后者的三分之一。研究发现,有中度耐药性突变和没有耐药性突变的患者相比,治疗结果没有有意义的差异。
依据治疗类型判断,这些组患者的治疗失败或死亡率没有显著差异。即有耐药性的患者经分子检测法检测,所得治疗结局和死亡风险的几率与传统药物敏感性检测的结果相似。
其次,该团队比较了氟喹诺酮类药物中特定药物的分子检测进展情况。环丙沙星耐药性疾病患者中,使用分子测序法优于标准药物敏感性检测法。分子测序法预测左氧氟沙星和莫西沙星治疗失败的准确性相当。
本研究由Farhat MR等人发表在2017年8月3日刊的Clinical Infectious Diseases(临床传染病)上。


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